The electric three-wheeler market was valued at US$ 472.56 million in 2020 and is projected to reach US$ 756.52 million by 2028; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.9% from 2021 to 2028.
Government authorities, and government and nongovernment organizations across the world have begun multiple initiatives and schemes for encouraging the customers to opt for electric three-wheelers over conventional vehicles. For example, the UN Environment is helping many developing nations in Africa and Asia for developing national level programs and schemes for the introduction of electric two-wheelers and three-wheelers. The UN Environment is extending help to electric two-wheeler and three-wheeler projects in eight countries in Africa and Asia-Vietnam, Ethiopia, Thailand, Morocco, the Philippines, Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda. These activities are envisioned to propelling the integration of electric three-wheelers, along with facilitating the transformation of mobility from fossil fuel-based to electric means.
Asia Pacific held the largest share of the electric three-wheeler market in 2020. In 2018-2019, when other auto segments experienced a slow demand growth rate, compared to previous years, sales for electric three-wheeler segment grew considerably. The major factors driving the market in this region include the availability of government subsidies, lowering of battery costs, and expanding infrastructure of charging stations. Further, India accounts for a major share of the electric three-wheeler market in APAC. The growing adoption of electric three-wheelers by logistics companies to support the booming e-commerce industry is driving the market in India.
The COVID-19 outbreak has severely disrupted the supply chain and manufacturing of electronics equipment, including the hardware components of electric three-wheelers. On the basis of the emergence of COVID-19 virus across the world, followed by lockdown scenarios, the automotive industry experts have predicted the industry would face at least a quarter of lag in electronics equipment supply chain. The electronics equipment and automotive industry is likely to pick up pace soon after the governments lift the various containment measures, which would help revive the economies. The production of the electronics equipment and automotive products is anticipated to gain pace from 2021, which is further foreseen to positively influence the electronics equipment and automotive manufacturing, including hardware components of electric three-wheelers.
The overall electric three-wheeler market size has been derived using both primary and secondary sources. To begin the research process, exhaustive secondary research has been conducted using internal and external sources to obtain qualitative and quantitative information related to the market. The process also serves the purpose of obtaining an overview and forecast for the electric three-wheeler market with respect to all the segments. Also, multiple primary interviews have been conducted with industry participants and commentators to validate the data, as well as to gain more analytical insights into the topic. The participants of this process include industry experts such as VPs, business development managers, market intelligence managers, and national sales managers-along with external consultants such as valuation experts, research analysts, and key opinion leaders-specializing in the electric three-wheeler market.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1 Scope of the Study
1.2 Research Report Guidance
1.3 Market Segmentation
2. Key Takeaways
3. Research Methodology
3.1 Coverage
3.2 Secondary Research
3.3 Primary Research
4. Three-Wheeler - Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 PEST Analysis
 4.2.1 Electric Three-Wheeler Market - North America PEST Analysis
 4.2.2 Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Europe PEST Analysis
 4.2.3 Electric Three-Wheeler Market - APAC PEST Analysis
 4.2.4 Electric Three-Wheeler Market - MEA PEST Analysis
 4.2.5 Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Rest of MEA PEST Analysis
4.3 Ecosystem Analysis
4.4 Expert Opinions
5. Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Key Market Dynamics
5.1 Market Drivers
 5.1.1 Increasing Level of Harmful Gases, Managing Cost, and Acceptance of Cleaner Technologies
 5.1.2 Rising Traffic Congestion
5.2 Market Restraints
 5.2.1 Concerns Regarding the Lack of Supporting Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles
5.3 Market Opportunities
 5.3.1 Scope for Integration of Technologies such as GPS and Solar-Powered Engines
5.4 Future Trends
 5.4.1 Growing Popularity of Autonomous Electric Three-Wheelers
5.5 Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
6. Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Global Market Analysis
6.1 Overview
6.2 Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
6.3 Market Positioning - Five Key Players
7. Electric Three-Wheeler Market - By Type
7.1 Overview
7.2 Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, by Type (2020 and 2028)
7.3 E-Auto (High Speed)
 7.3.1 Overview
 7.3.2 E-Auto (High Speed): Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
 7.3.3 People Carrier
 7.3.3.1 Overview
 7.3.3.2 People Carrier: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
 7.3.4 Goods Carrier
 7.3.4.1 Overview
 7.3.4.2 Goods Carrier: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
 7.3.5 Special Vehicles
 7.3.5.1 Overview
 7.3.5.2 Special Vehicles: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.4 E-Rickshaw (Low Speed)
 7.4.1 Overview
 7.4.2 E-Rickshaw (Low Speed): Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
 7.4.3 People Carrier
 7.4.3.1 Overview
 7.4.3.2 People Carrier: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
 7.4.4 Goods Carrier
 7.4.4.1 Overview
 7.4.4.2 Goods Carrier: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
 7.4.5 Special Vehicles
 7.4.5.1 Overview
 7.4.5.2 Special Vehicles: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8. Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Geographic Analysis
8.1 Overview
8.2 North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market
 8.2.1 Overview
 8.2.2 North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.2.3 North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue Share, by Type (2020 and 2028)
 8.2.4 North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue Share, by Country (2020 and 2028)
 8.2.5 US: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.2.5.1.1 US: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
 8.2.5.2 Canada: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.2.5.2.1 Canada: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
 8.2.5.3 Mexico: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.2.5.3.1 Mexico: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
8.3 Europe Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028
 8.3.1 Europe Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.3.2 Europe Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, By Type
 8.3.3 Europe: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue Share, by Country (2020 and 2028)
 8.3.4 Germany Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.3.4.1.1 Germany Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, By Type
 8.3.4.2 France Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.3.4.2.1 France Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, By Type
 8.3.4.3 Italy Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.3.4.3.1 Italy Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, By Types
 8.3.4.4 UK Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.3.4.4.1 UK Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, By Type
 8.3.4.5 Russia Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.3.4.5.1 Russia Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, By Type
 8.3.4.6 Rest of Europe Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.3.4.6.1 Rest of Europe Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, By Type
8.4 APAC: Electric Three-Wheeler Market
 8.4.1 Overview
 8.4.2 APAC: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.4.3 APAC: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
 8.4.4 APAC: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Key Country
 8.4.4.1 China: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.4.4.1.1 China: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
 8.4.4.2 Japan: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.4.4.2.1 Japan: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
 8.4.4.3 India: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.4.4.3.1 India: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
 8.4.4.4 South Korea: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.4.4.4.1 South Korea: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
 8.4.4.5 Rest of APAC: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.4.4.5.1 Rest of APAC: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
8.5 MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2028
 8.5.1 Overview
 8.5.2 MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.5.3 MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue Share, by Type
 8.5.4 MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue Share, by Country
 8.5.4.1 South Africa: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.5.4.1.1 South Africa: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, by Type
 8.5.4.2 Rest of MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.5.4.2.1 Rest of MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, by Type
8.6 SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2028
 8.6.1 Overview
 8.6.2 SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.6.3 SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue Share, by Type
 8.6.4 SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue Share, by Country
 8.6.4.1 Brazil: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.6.4.1.1 Brazil: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, by Type
 8.6.4.2 Argentina: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.6.4.2.1 Argentina: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, by Type
 8.6.4.3 Rest of SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
 8.6.4.3.1 Rest of SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, by Type
9. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market
9.1 Overview
9.2 North America: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
9.3 Europe: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
9.4 Asia-Pacific: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
 9.4.1 Middle East and Africa: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
 9.4.2 South America: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
10. Industry Landscape
10.1 Market Initiative
10.2 New Development
11. Company Profiles
11.1 Goenka Electric Motor Vehicles Private Limited
 11.1.1 Key Facts
 11.1.2 Business Description
 11.1.3 Products and Services
 11.1.4 Financial Overview
 11.1.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.1.6 Key Developments
11.2 Piaggio & C. SpA
 11.2.1 Key Facts
 11.2.2 Business Description
 11.2.3 Products and Services
 11.2.4 Financial Overview
 11.2.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.2.6 Key Developments
11.3 Terra Motors Corporation
 11.3.1 Key Facts
 11.3.2 Business Description
 11.3.3 Products and Services
 11.3.4 Financial Overview
 11.3.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.3.6 Key Developments
11.4 Kinetic Green Energy & Power Solutions Ltd.
 11.4.1 Key Facts
 11.4.2 Business Description
 11.4.3 Products and Services
 11.4.4 Financial Overview
 11.4.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.4.6 Key Developments
11.5 LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES
 11.5.1 Key Facts
 11.5.2 Business Description
 11.5.3 Products and Services
 11.5.4 Financial Overview
 11.5.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.5.6 Key Developments
11.6 Bodo Vehicle Group Co. Ltd.
 11.6.1 Key Facts
 11.6.2 Business Description
 11.6.3 Products and Services
 11.6.4 Financial Overview
 11.6.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.6.6 Key Developments
11.7 Nobe Cars
 11.7.1 Key Facts
 11.7.2 Business Description
 11.7.3 Products and Services
 11.7.4 Financial Overview
 11.7.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.7.6 Key Developments
11.8 Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited
 11.8.1 Key Facts
 11.8.2 Business Description
 11.8.3 Products and Services
 11.8.4 Financial Overview
 11.8.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.8.6 Key Developments
11.9 E-Tuk Factory BV
 11.9.1 Key Facts
 11.9.2 Business Description
 11.9.3 Products and Services
 11.9.4 Financial Overview
 11.9.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.9.6 Key Developments
11.10 JIANGSU KINGBON VEHICLE CO., LTD
 11.10.1 Key Facts
 11.10.2 Business Description
 11.10.3 Products and Services
 11.10.4 Financial Overview
 11.10.5 SWOT Analysis
 11.10.6 Key Developments
12. Appendix
12.1 About
12.2 Glossary of Terms
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Region, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 3. North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 4. North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 5. US: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 6. Canada: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 7. Mexico: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 8. Europe: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 9. Europe: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 10. Germany: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 11. France: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 12. Italy: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Types, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 13. UK Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 - By Type (US$ Mn)
Table 14. Russia: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 15. Rest of Europe: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 16. Asia Pacific: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 17. Asia Pacific: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 18. China: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 19. Japan: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 20. India: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 21. South Korea: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 22. Rest of Asia Pacific: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 23. MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 24. MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 25. South Africa: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 26. Rest of MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 27. SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 28. SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 29. Brazil: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 30. Argentina: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 31. Rest of SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2018-2028 (US$ Mn)
Table 32. Glossary of Terms, Electric Three-Wheeler Market
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Electric Three-Wheeler Market Segmentation
Figure 2. Electric Three-Wheeler Market Segmentation - By Geography
Figure 3. Electric Three-Wheeler Market Overview
Figure 4. Electric Three-Wheeler Market, By Geography
Figure 5. Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type
Figure 6. North America - PEST Analysis
Figure 7. Europe - PEST Analysis
Figure 8. APAC - PEST Analysis
Figure 9. MEA - PEST Analysis
Figure 10. Rest of MEA - PEST Analysis
Figure 11. Electric Vehicle Actuator Market, Ecosystem
Figure 12. Electric Three-Wheeler Market Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
Figure 13. Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market
Figure 14. Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue Share, by Type (2020 and 2028)
Figure 16. E-Auto (High Speed): Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 17. People Carrier: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 18. Goods Carrier: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Special Vehicles: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 20. E-Rickshaw (Low Speed): Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 21. People Carrier: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Goods Carrier: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Special Vehicles: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market, By Geography - 2020 (US$ Mn)
Figure 25. North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 26. North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 27. North America: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 28. US: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 29. Canada: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 30. Mexico: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 31. Europe Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 32. Europe Electric Three-Wheeler Market Breakdown, By Type, 2020 and 2028 (%)
Figure 33. Europe: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 34. Germany Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 35. France Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 36. Italy Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 37. UK Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 38. Russia Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 39. Rest of Europe Electric Three-Wheeler Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 40. APAC: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 41. Asia Pacific: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 43. China: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 44. Japan: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 45. India: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 46. South Korea: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 47. Rest of APAC: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 48. MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 49. MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 50. MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 51. South Africa: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 52. Rest of MEA: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 53. SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 54. SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Type, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 55. SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market, by Country, 2020 & 2028 (%)
Figure 56. Brazil: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 57. Argentina: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 58. Rest of SAM: Electric Three-Wheeler Market - Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 59. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in North American Country Markets
Figure 60. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe Country Markets
Figure 61. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia Pacific Country Markets
Figure 62. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Middle East and Africa Country Markets
Figure 63. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in South America Country Markets
Goenka Electric Motor Vehicles Private Limited
Piaggio & C. SpA
Terra Motors Corporation
Kinetic Green Energy & Power Solutions Ltd.
LOHIA AUTO INDUSTRIES
Bodo Vehicle Group Co. Ltd.
Nobe Cars
Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited
E-Tuk Factory BV
JIANGSU KINGBON VEHICLE CO., LTD